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Materials Science and Engineering: B
Volume 292, June 2023, 116365

Unraveling the low-frequency triggered electromagnetic signatures in potentized homeopathic medicine

Hari N. Bhargaw a, Mohit Sharma a, Avanish Kumar Srivastava a, Nisanth Nambison b, Manoj Kumar Gupta a, Mahendra R. Jadhav a, Khushwant Singh Gavel a, Prabhat Kumar Baghel a, Meraj Ahmed a

a CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462026, India
b Government Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462003, India

Abstract

Homeopathic medicines contain ultra-low concentrations of metal and compounds, and it is challenging to classify homeopathic potencies using modern characterization tools. This work presents a novel experimental tool for classifying various homeopathic medicines under a low-frequency generated electromagnetic (EM) fields. A custom-built primary coil is used for generating EM fields at different excitation frequencies. The potentized test samples were prepared at decimal dilution scale of Ferrum with a-lactose monohydrate and exhibited significant and distinct induced EM responses in the second sensing coil. The measured responses decrease logarithmically due to reducing Ferrum concentration. The resolution improved in higher potencies from 0.03 µV at 300 Hz to 0.24 µV at 4.8 kHz. Different compounds of homeopathic medicines were also investigated to produce distinct induced EM characteristics. These results were correlated with Raman spectroscopy, impedance analyser, and FT-IR analysis. The experimental investigation confirmed the classification of potencies and the technique developed to detect ultra-low metallic concentrations.

link to abstract, introduction, and "section snippets":
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921510723001071

Excerpts:

"Since potencies are the key to homeopathic medicine and it has a vital role to play in curing diseases, however, no effective tool or methods have been developed to identify the homeopathic potencies to this date. Recently, it was proposed that homeopathic medicines may produce the electromagnetic signal or signature of a natural substance that was used to prepare the serially diluted homeopathic potencies [26], [27]. It has also been reported that diseases change the electromagnetic properties of diseased cells, tissues, and organs. The disease creates an unbalanced state due to the spin of the electrons, and their momentum builds an unbalanced state...The spin momentum of the atoms changes in the body and leads to changes in the electromagnetic properties of the cells and tissues, which consists of several atoms [28]. This kind of emotional trauma state can be remedied using a single dose of high-potency Natrum-muriaticum medicine. Hence, it can be stated that the electromagnetic signal generated from these homeopathic potencies either provokes the body's defense to act or cancels the pathological frequency causing illness in the body [28], [29]. Lenger [19] has stated that healing by homeopathy is to excite (provoke) energy of the pathological pathways by the resonance frequency of the remedy. However, due to the highly diluted nature of homeopathic potency, the probability of finding even a single molecule of the starting source material in the final homeopathic solution (dilution ratio ~ 10-30) tends to zero, so isn't easy to detect electromagnetic wave or magnetic photon in such solutions [30]. Therefore, the transfer phenomena of the medicinal information to the solution and the living organism are still unclear. Recently, various other models of mechanisms of action based on the imprint of supramolecular structures, nanoparticle-allostatic, cross-adaptation-sensitization (NPCAS) model; the theory of non-molecular electromagnetic transfer of information, based on the coherent water domains model, and relying on the idea of local interactions were proposed by researchers [29], [31], [32], [33].

"Moreover, Bell et al. have also reported that homeopathic medicine may contain measurable sources and silica nanoparticles heterogeneously dispersed in a colloidal solution [34]. These may act by modulating the biological function of the allostatic stress response network to evoke biphasic actions on living systems via organism-dependent adaptive and endogenously amplified effects, which finally improve systemic resilience [34]...To support the homeopathy working concept, a quantum electrodynamics mechanism based on the existence of ice-like structures called coherent domains (CD) in water at a room temperature of 25 °C was proposed [35], [36], [37]. These CDs act as information carriers through serial dilution because their shape and size get influenced by many factors like impurities, ions of other substances, large foreign molecules, physical perturbations, and electromagnetic fields [29]. In addition, quantum entanglement as a working mechanism for the homeopathic potencies is also reported [38], where an entanglement is present between the homeopathic remedy and the original substance while another entanglement is between the homeopathic remedy and the patient’s symptomology. When the particles, such as the photons, electrons, and molecules, interact and then separate, the pair of particles on entanglement has its own defined quantum state.

"Similarly, Montagnier et al. [39], [40], [41] have shown that some bacterial and viral DNA sequences (M. pirum, E. coli) induce low-frequency electromagnetic waves in high-aqueous water solutions. They measured the electromagnetic signals in water decimal dilutions of DNA. In most reported mechanisms, the electromagnetic wave and magnetic field have played a huge role, but the origin of magnetism/electromagnetic wave has not been reported to date. According to [39], [40], [41], electromagnetic waves have huge roles in cancer treatment, wherein these electromagnetic waves can be re-transcribed into the DNA of living cells, opening a new non-invasive treatment [39], [40], [41].

"In the present work, a simplified custom-built primary copper wire-based excitation coil was designed and developed to generate electromagnetic (EM) fields by the controlled input excitation current and voltage. The EM fields were generated at 300 Hz and 4.8 kHz excitation frequencies. Homeopathic medicines of various potencies were investigated under generated EM fields, and secondary sensing coil was used to capture induced EM fields from the test samples. The captured response signal from the sensing coil was analysed and processed by the spectrum analyser to characterize homeopathic test medicines. Significant changes in the response signal were detected to classify the lower and higher potencies of the same medicine. Similarly, quite substantial changes were also measured from the different homeopathic medicines (Plumbum, Zincum, Argentum, etc.) of 3X potency, as in the case of Ferrum 3X. The presented work proposes a system developed in-house capable of characterizing different potencies of homeopathic medicines under low excitation frequency of EM fields, which may be unattainable from the other characterization tools."

"Ullman suggested that homeopathic medicine could belong to nano-pharmacology because the trituration process may produce nanoparticles of solute substance [43]"

"The critical results were obtained that each homeopathic potency presents a distinguished characteristic signal in each case, whether the starting materials are of a magnetic or non-magnetic nature. The theory suggested by Lenger [19] is that the succussion and vibrations during the preparation of different potency of homeopathic medicine lead to the present electromagnetic property in homeopathic medicines. Hence, it can thus be proved that the succussion and vibrations during the preparation of the test samples lead to generating magnetic character in each stage of homeopathic potency."

"Therefore, our finding of the existence of EM response signals from homeopathic test samples under a generated magnetic field will play an important role in efficiently detecting and categorizing homeopathic medicines with different concentrations and different metallic compounds. Moreover, observation of varying measured response signals from different test samples of different concentrations confirmed that each potency had different energy levels. Therefore, the indigenously developed system may also measure homeopathic potency's degree/energy levels."

"4. Conclusions

"In summary, the existence of a unique electromagnetic signature from homeopathic medicines via an indigenously developed experimental tool was observed under a lower and upper range of low excitation frequencies of 300 Hz and 4.8 kHz. Each concentration of Ferrum Metallicum in homeopathic medicines shows a very significant and distinct electromagnetic signature at 4.8 kHz. Each potency of the homeopathy sample exhibited a characteristic energy level, and corresponding output voltages were measured. A logarithmic reduction in the output voltage/electromagnetic signal was observed with decreasing concentration of Ferrum in the test sample at the low excitation frequency...Several other homeopathic potencies, such as Plumbum, Antim Tart, Alumina, Argentum, and Zincum Metallicum were also investigated, and a different output voltage corresponding to each potency level was measured from the indigenously developed system. It was observed that these different medicine potencies, irrespective of all of them being diamagnetic in nature show an output response signal. The formation of nano-metric sized particles, during the homeopathic trituration, has induced a paramagnetic effect in them, which is commonly termed the nano-magnetism effect. The modern characterization tools, such as Raman and FT-IR analysis of the homeopathic potencies were unable to identify the potencies clearly. However, the finding from our indigenously developed experimental setup confirmed that each homeopathy medicine has its own electromagnetic signature under excitation frequency. This further provides scientific evidence and a unique way of classifying different homeopathy medicines with different ultra-low metal concentrations. The study confirms that homeopathic medicines have electromagnetic energy even when the medicine is in very small concentrations. They have been effective in treating various ailments in patients by reviving the vital natural energy (immunity) to fight diseases. Similar to the homeopathic principle, modern medicines may also be given in lower doses, or partial treatments can be given to the patients to naturally rebound their vital energy (immunity) to fight diseases."

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Comments:

This paper was discussed by Edzard Ernst:

https://edzardernst.com/2023/03/a-breakthrough-in-understanding-how-homeopathy-works/

Dr. Ernst did not have access to the full paper and merely wrote, based on the abstract:
"I might be a bit slow on the uptake – but I don’t see how this investigation proves anything. Perhaps someone can explain it to me?"

However, in the comments to Dr. Ernst's post, Richard Rasker provided the following:

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OK, after getting access to the full article, thanks to Pete Attkins, here are some pertinent comments.

[final abstract] “Homeopathic medicines contain ultra-low concentrations of metal and compounds …”

Most homeopathic preparations do not contain any metals or metal compounds; they contain nothing except water or sugar. Any metals present are contaminants.

“Different potencies of Homeopathic medicine Ferrum Metallicum (FM-1X to FM-6X) …”

So basically what these people built was a metal detector for ferromagnetic compounds – in this case metallic iron. This has nothing to do with homeopathy, and everything with electromagnetism.

“The results not only provide scientific evidence to easily classify the homeopathic medicine potency …”

This is nonsense, as the results are only valid for ferromagnetic metals in (homeopathically speaking) huge concentrations of at least one part per million (6X). The results are completely useless for any other dilutions.

“… but,[sic] also helps to understand the science behind the curative action in terms of photon emission of homeopathic medicines.”

This is meaningless pseudoscientific babble.

“Hahnemann put forward the idea, if a substance is capable of generating an artificial disease in a healthy person, that substance should also be able to cure a similar disease in a sick person. Later, Hahnemann proposed this principle of similarity as pre-scientific evidence or support for his theory.”

This is a wonderful example of circular reasoning: Hahnemann dreamed up the idea of ‘like cures like’, then elevated this 100% imaginary principle to a ‘theory’ and even ‘law’ (of similars) – and then claims that his principle of ‘like cures like’ is evidence for the validity of his ‘law’. Yup, and I can float up in the air by pulling myself up by my own shoelaces.

“Since these drug substances were not tested for treating disease by pathological names, the law of similarity was not accepted by the scientists of modern medicine … In addition, despite the popularity of homeopathy, it has come into conflict with science and modern medicine, due to a lack of experimental evidence of the science behind the action of homeopathic remedies and the non-clarity of its healing mechanism.”

And here we have a rare instance of sanity in this otherwise deeply flawed declaration of belief in magic.

“Since potencies are the key to homeopathic medicine and it has an important role to play in curing diseases ..”

Beyond 12C (Avogadro’s number), those ‘potencies’ are purely imaginary concepts. There is no difference at all between, say, 30C and 200C. There is also no evidence that they cure diseases.

“Recently, it was proposed that homeopathic medicines may produce the electromagnetic signal or signature of a natural substance that was used to prepare the serially diluted homeopathic potencies[21][22]”

There is no evidence for this mechanism at all, except those two deeply flawed referenced ‘studies’ (no blinding whatsoever, horrible methodology, very high chance of bias). Substances do not produce any electromagnetic signal or signature of their own, except thermal radiation – because emitting electromagnetic signals would violate the law of conservation of energy. Substances can show signatures when exposed to electromagnetic excitation or other types of radiation – but only when actually present. There is no evidence that homeopathic dilutions 12C+ show any such signatures (and certainly not dilutions of table salt).

" It has also been reported that diseases change the electromagnetic properties of the diseased cells, tissues, and organs …”

This is a pseudoscientific assertion for which no evidence at all exists. It is also how ‘bioresonance’ con artists defraud their victims.

“… and the electromagnetic signal that generates from these homeopathic potencies either provokes the body’s defense to act or cancels the pathological frequency causing illness in the body”

This is more pseudoscientific babble without any actual evidence.

“However, due to the highly diluted nature of homeopathic potency, the probability of finding even a single molecule of the starting source material in the final homeopathic solution (dilution ratio ~ 10^-30) tends to zero, it is very difficult to detect electromagnetic wave or magnetic photon in such solutions.”

Let’s just say that it is fundamentally impossible. And oh, ‘magnetic photons’ are a purely imaginary concept so far.

“These [silica nanoparticles] may act by modulating the biological function of the allostatic stress response network and evoke biphasic actions on living systems via organism-dependent adaptive and endogenously amplified effects which finally improve systemic resilience”

More pseudoscientific homeobabble to obfuscate the fact that these people have no idea what they’re talking about, and can’t prove that their dilutions have any effects to begin with.

“Moreover, at high potency (beyond 12C) homeopathic medicines don’t even have traces of the starting materials, but, they may still cure diseases.”

This is an untruth (a.k.a. lie). There is no evidence at all that any homeopathic preparation 12C+ has any repeatable effects.

“To support the working concept, a quantum electrodynamics mechanism based on the existence of ice-like structures called coherent domains (CD) in water at room temperature was proposed.”

Ah, it appears that we’re entering the ‘quantum phase space’ now.

“Homeopathic medicine can be thought of as an entangled state between the medicine, original substance, and patient’s symptomology.”

Any quantum physicist can explain that entanglement and many other quantum phenomena only work for elementary particles, not for macroscopic objects. This is in other words more ludicrous, pseudoscientific homeobabble.

“Montagnier et al. have shown that some of the bacterial and viral DNA sequences induce low-frequency electromagnetic waves in high aqueous water solutions and they measured the electromagnetic signals in water decimal dilutions of DNA.”

Montaigner is a good example of Nobel disease, i.e. a scientist who completely lost their marbles at a later age.

“In most of the reported mechanisms, the electromagnetic wave and magnetic field have played a huge role, but the origin of magnetism/electromagnetic wave has not been reported till date …”

… because no scientist ever managed to replicate Montaigner’s observations. These signals simply don’t exist.

“Significant changes in the magnetic field were detected in the lower and higher potencies of the same medicine …”

… but only if that ‘medicine’ is metallic iron.

[Results and Discussion]”It is worth pointing out that the base a-lactose monohydrate used in the preparation of homeopathic medicine does not exhibit any magnetic property.”

Well, what a surprise: lactose is not ferromagnetic! And these buffoons consider themselves ‘scientists’ … this is almost depressing.

“Despite the absence of magnetic property of homeopathic medicine, the generation of the output voltage at a certain resonance frequency shows that homeopathic medicine has a healing mechanism associated with it.”

This is a complete and utter non-sequitur. The fact that electromagnetic energy unexpectedly passed from one magnetic coil to another only tells us that these people don’t have any practical knowledge of electromagnetic systems (and in particular its intricacies and imperfections compared to the theoretical models), NOT that there is any special homeopathic process or mechanism at play.

Even though there’s more wrong, I’ll leave it at this. This ‘paper’ is an utter disgrace, and Elsevier should be deeply ashamed for a) publishing and b) asking money for this pseudoscientific drivel from a couple of Believers in magic. In fact, I almost feel tempted to take steps to try and have it retracted, as its contents doesn’t even comply with the journal’s general subject content.

[end of comments from Richard Rasker]