Allaxys Communications --- Transponder V --- Allaxys Forum 1
Impfen => Impfen wissenschaftlich => Topic started by: ama on August 04, 2007, 01:26:36 AM
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3182096.stm
(http://www.20thcenturylondon.org.uk/img/e20cl/ConMediaFile/watermark.php?mainImage=i0000ihs.jpg&text=%c2%a9%20London's%20Transport%20Museum&)
Demonstration of an iron lung, Charing Cross Underground station
http://www.20thcenturylondon.org.uk/server.php?show=ConMediaFile.4038
(http://www.museumboerhaave.nl/MUSEUM-/virtueel_bezoek/tourmedia/22ijzerenlong.jpg)
[*QUOTE*]
Iron lung, Philips Eindhoven, c. 1946
Inv V10090
Before the great national vaccination
campaigns bore fruit, poliomyelitis was
still common in the Netherlands. This
illness becomes life-threatening if the
respiratory muscles are affected. As a
solution the iron lung was invented in the
1950s. This apparatus looks like a submarine on dry land. The
polio-sufferer lies in the compartment, with only his head sticking
out. By successively pumping air in and out of the compartment
underpressure and systolic pressure is created. In this way a patient
was artificially respirated. Placing a movable mirror above the
patient's head allowed them to look around a little. A door at the
side allowed nursing access. It often took weeks, sometimes even
months before the illness was cured.
[*/QUOTE*]
http://www.museumboerhaave.nl/collectie/e_voorwerpen/ijzerenlong.html
[*QUOTE*]
Events > 50th Polio Vaccine Anniversary
Polio Vaccine Timeline
Print:
Commerical printer color poster: low-resolution (305 KB),
high-resolution (4.36 MB)
(Dimensions: Opened 38.5"w x 8.5"h or Folded 5.5"w x 8.5"h)
View timeline area for:
1800s 1900s 1920s1930s 1940s 1950s
1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
1800s
1800s
Paralytic poliomyelitis (polio) takes its toll
worldwide, affecting mostly children. The disease is
known as infantile paralysis.
1894
First known polio epidemic in the United States
occurs in Vermont.
1900s
1908
Dr. Karl Landsteiner discovers that the cause of
infantile paralysis is a virus.
1916
The first major epidemic of polio documented in the
United States strikes, paralyzing young children and
horrifying the nation. Increasing numbers of outbreaks
occur each year in the U.S.
1920s
1921
Franklin D. Roosevelt is diagnosed with polio.
1927
Roosevelt organizes the Georgia Warm Springs
Foundation for polio sufferers.
1928
The first iron lung is used to preserve breathing
function in patients with acute polio.
1930s
1932
Franklin D. Roosevelt is elected President of the
United States.
1938
President Roosevelt founds the National Foundation
for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP, known today as the
March of Dimes).
1938-1958
March of Dimes recruits celebrities to help raise
funds and awareness in its efforts to fight polio.
1940s
1942
Dr. Jonas Salk arrives at the University of Michigan
School of Public Health. Techniques earned there
with influenza are used later to develop the polio
vaccine.
1945
President Roosevelt dies on April 12.
1947
Salk is recruited by the University of Pittsburgh to
develop a virus research program.
1948-49
Scientists from four universities confirm there are
only three strains of poliovirus.
1950s
1952
The worst recorded polio epidemic in United States
history occurs, with 57,628 reported cases.
1954
Dr. Salk and associates develop a potentially
safe injectable vaccine against polio, (IPV) given
to nearly 15,000 Pittsburgh-area subjects (most
were children) in pilot trials, 1952-1954.
Dr. Thomas Francis, Jr., University of Michigan,
directs field trials of Salk vaccine sponsored by
NFIP. The trials are the largest in U.S. history,
involving 1.8 million children, and use the now
standard double-blind process for the first time.
Nobel Prize in Medicine is awarded to John F.
Enders, Thomas H. Weller, and Fredrick C.
Robbins for their discovery of the ability of
poliomyelitis viruses to grow in tissue cultures.
1955
On April 12 at the University of Michigan, Dr.
Francis announces field trial results: Salk vaccine is
safe, effective and potent. Dr. Franciss Vaccine
Evaluation Center becomes the model for future
vaccine trials.
1955-57
Once vaccine becomes available, incidence of polio
in the United States falls by 85-90%.
1960s
1961
Oral polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Albert Sabin,
is licensed for use in the United States.
1963
Congress establishes the Immunization Grant
Program; polio incidence plummets to only 396
reported cases in the United States.
1970s
1979
Last U.S. case of polio caused by wild poliovirus.
1980s
1985
Rotary International establishes its PolioPlus
program, which holds two fundraising events. Rotary
has contributed over $500 million to fight polio
worldwide.
1988
Global Polio Eradication Initiative is launched as
global burden of polio impacts 350,000 in 125
countries annually. Spearheading partners include the
World Health Organization, Rotary International, U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and
UNICEF.
1990s
1994
The Americas are certified polio-free.
1999
The U.S. Public Health Service recommends that the
oral vaccine be discontinued in the United States, and
a modified IPV becomes the preferred vaccine.
2000s
2000
The Western Pacific Region is certified polio-free.
2002
The European Region is certified polio-free.
Rotary International launches a second
fundraising campaign to eradicate polio.
2005
April 12, 2005 marks the 50th anniversary of the Salk
vaccine. Efforts to eradicate polio worldwide remain
necessary, with just over 1,200 cases globally.
[*/QUOTE*]
http://www.cdc.gov/nip/events/polio-vacc-50th/timeline.htm
(http://www.johnprestwich.btinternet.co.uk/images/frnt_lng.jpg)
[*QUOTE*]
JOHN PRESTWICH MBE 24.11.1938 – 27.2.2006
John in the Royal Enclosure at
Ascot, June 2003.
The following is a message from Maggie.
It is with great sorrow that I add this
introduction to our website. Sadly, John’s
life came to an end on February 27th 2006.
At the time he was in St. Thomas’
Hospital, London and undergoing surgery
but complications arose and he didn’t
survive.
[*/QUOTE*]
http://www.johnprestwich.btinternet.co.uk/message-from-maggie.htm
http://www.johnprestwich.btinternet.co.uk
(http://www.riverrunfilm.com/images/film_images/Martha-small.jpg)
[*QUOTE*]
Martha in Lattimore
Documentary Sidebar
Director: Mary Dalton
U S A
45 min
Martha Mason has lived in a giant iron lung longer than anyone else in
the world. She’s had to co-exist with the life-saving machine ever since
she contracted polio in 1948. But while some might see this as an
affliction to be suffered through, Martha has learned to adapt – living
and thriving in the small North Carolina town of Lattimore, where she
receives regular encouragement and support from her friendly
neighbors. At first the image and sound of the iron lung are distracting
to the viewer, but soon after talking with Martha, the massive, metal
cylinder becomes inconsequential because it is so greatly exceeded by
her spirit. (MARTHA IN LATTIMORE will precede SHARED
HISTORY)
[*/QUOTE*]
www.wfu.edu/~dalton/
http://www.riverrunfilm.com/schedule_2006.asp?cat=8&rs=12
(http://www.neatorama.com/images/2006-01/diy-iron-lung.jpg)
[*QUOTE*]
From a 1952 issue of Popular Mechanics, here's how to make your
own iron, er wooden lung:
INTENDED only for emergency use until a commercial respirator could be
obtained, this "wooden lung" was designed by engineers and built by a
volunteer group under the supervision of Dr. Gerald M. Cline, Dr. Homer O.
Dolley, and Sister Celine of the medical staff of St. Josephs Hospital,
Bloomington, Illinois. On completion, the unit was put into immediate use
in emergency treatment of eight-year-old Rudy Landheer, a victim of polio
in the epidemic of 1949. The original unit did emergency service for 12
hours until a conventional iron lung could be obtained.
[*/QUOTE*]
http://www.neatorama.com/2006/01/
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